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Hong Kong is among the richest cities in the world. Yet over the past 15 years living conditions for the average family have deteriorated despite a robust economy, ample budget surpluses and record labor productivity. Successive governments have been reluctant to invest in services for the elderly, the disabled, the long-term sick, and the poor, while education has become more elitist. The political system has helped to entrench a mistaken consensus that social spending is a threat to financial stability and economic prosperity. In this trenchant attack on government mismanagement, Leo Goodstadt traces how officials have created a "new poverty" in Hong Kong and argues that their misguided policies are both a legacy of the colonial era and a deliberate choice by modern governments -- not the result of economic crises. This book is highly relevant to the continuing debate about the efficiency of market forces in solving welfare "problems" and the claims put forward for the superiority of the private sector in meeting housing, health and educational needs.

Poverty --- Cost and standard of living --- Hong Kong (China) --- Economic conditions. --- Comfort, Standard of --- Cost of living --- Food, Cost of --- Household expenses --- Living, Cost of --- Living, Standard of --- Standard of living --- Destitution --- Consumption (Economics) --- Home economics --- Households --- Quality of life --- Wealth --- Luxury --- Prices --- Purchasing power --- Wages --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Surveys --- E-books

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Currency values, prices, consumption and incomes are at the heart of the economic performance of all countries. In order to make a meaningful comparison between one economy and another, economists routinely make use of purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates, but while PPP rates are widely used and well understood, they take a lot of effort to produce and suffer from publication delays. Currencies, Commodities and Consumption analyses the strengths and weaknesses of two alternatives to PPP. Firstly, the so-called Big Mac Index, which uses hamburger prices as a standard of measurement, and second, a less well known technique which infers incomes across countries based on the proportion of consumption devoted to food. Kenneth W. Clements uses international macroeconomics, microeconomic theory and econometrics to provide researchers and policy makers with insights into alternatives to PPP rates and make sense of the ongoing instability of exchange rates and commodity prices.

Consumer price indexes. --- Cost and standard of living. --- Purchasing power parity. --- Foreign exchange. --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Law of one price --- One price, Law of --- Parity, Purchasing power --- Foreign exchange --- Comfort, Standard of --- Cost of living --- Food, Cost of --- Household expenses --- Living, Cost of --- Living, Standard of --- Standard of living --- Consumption (Economics) --- Home economics --- Households --- Quality of life --- Wealth --- Luxury --- Prices --- Purchasing power --- Wages --- Consumer price index --- Cost of living indexes --- CPIs (Consumer price indexes) --- Retail price indexes --- Cost and standard of living --- Price indexes --- Surveys --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics

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North America --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Personnel Management --- Behavior --- Employment --- Community Health Services --- Preventive Health Services --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Health Services --- Organization and Administration --- Health Care --- Americas --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Geographic Locations --- Health Services Administration --- Population Characteristics --- Geographicals --- Health Promotion --- Occupational Health Services --- Workplace --- United States --- Health Behavior --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Industrial Medicine --- Behavior, Health --- Behaviors, Health --- Health Behaviors --- Job Site --- Work Location --- Work Place --- Work-Site --- Worksite --- Job Sites --- Location, Work --- Locations, Work --- Place, Work --- Places, Work --- Site, Job --- Sites, Job --- Work Locations --- Work Places --- Work Site --- Work-Sites --- Workplaces --- Worksites --- Employment-Based Services --- Health Services, Employee --- Health Services, Occupational --- Services, Employee Health --- Services, Employment-Based --- Services, Occupational Health --- Employee Assistance Programs (Health Care) --- Employee Health Services --- Assistance Program, Employee (Health Care) --- Assistance Programs, Employee (Health Care) --- Employee Assistance Program (Health Care) --- Employee Health Service --- Employment Based Services --- Employment-Based Service --- Health Service, Employee --- Health Service, Occupational --- Occupational Health Service --- Program, Employee Assistance (Health Care) --- Programs, Employee Assistance (Health Care) --- Service, Employee Health --- Service, Employment-Based --- Service, Occupational Health --- Services, Employment Based --- Promotional Items --- Health Campaigns --- Promotion of Health --- Wellness Programs --- Campaign, Health --- Campaigns, Health --- Health Campaign --- Health Promotions --- Item, Promotional --- Items, Promotional --- Program, Wellness --- Programs, Wellness --- Promotion, Health --- Promotional Item --- Promotions, Health --- Wellness Program --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Administration, Health Services --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Health Services, Preventive --- Preventive Health --- Preventive Health Care --- Preventive Health Programs --- Preventive Programs --- Services, Preventive Health --- Care, Preventive Health --- Health Care, Preventive --- Health Program, Preventive --- Health Programs, Preventive --- Health Service, Preventive --- Health, Preventive --- Preventive Health Program --- Preventive Health Service --- Preventive Program --- Program, Preventive --- Program, Preventive Health --- Programs, Preventive --- Programs, Preventive Health --- Service, Preventive Health --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Child Labor --- Employment Insecurity --- Employment Status --- Labor Force --- Marginal Employment --- Occupational Status --- Precarious Employment --- Status, Occupational --- Underemployment --- Employment Termination --- Employment Insecurities --- Employment, Marginal --- Employment, Precarious --- Insecurity, Employment --- Labor Forces --- Labor, Child --- Status, Employment --- Termination, Employment --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Client-Staff Ratio --- Client Staff Ratio --- Client-Staff Ratios --- Management, Personnel --- Ratio, Client-Staff --- Ratios, Client-Staff --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- organization & administration --- Healthy Lifestyle --- Life Style --- Work Performance --- Industry --- Occupations --- Occupational Medicine --- Health Education --- Preventive Medicine --- Economics --- Preventive Psychiatry --- Primary Prevention --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Rehabilitation, Vocational --- Work --- Health-Related Behavior --- Behavior, Health-Related --- Behaviors, Health-Related --- Health Related Behavior --- Health-Related Behaviors --- Employee health promotion. --- Employee wellness programs --- Employees --- Health promotion in the workplace --- Occupational health promotion --- Workplace health promotion --- Worksite health promotion --- Health promotion --- Occupational health services

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Delivery of Health Care --- Health Services Research --- Mid-Atlantic Region --- Health Planning --- Publication Formats --- Behavior --- Demography --- Resource Allocation --- Population Characteristics --- Sociology --- Health Services Accessibility --- Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Social Sciences --- Economics --- Publication Characteristics --- United States --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Patient Care Management --- Public Health --- North America --- Health Services Administration --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Environment and Public Health --- Americas --- Geographic Locations --- Geographicals --- Health Care Rationing --- Health Behavior --- Healthcare Disparities --- Health Services Needs and Demand --- Health Status --- Socioeconomic Factors --- District of Columbia --- Statistics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Statistics --- Level of Health --- Health Level --- Health Levels --- Status, Health --- Health Services Needs --- Needs --- Needs and Demand, Health Services --- Target Population --- Health Services Need --- Need, Health Services --- Needs, Health Services --- Population, Target --- Populations, Target --- Target Populations --- Health Care Disparities --- Health Care Inequalities --- Healthcare Disparity --- Healthcare Inequalities --- Disparities, Healthcare --- Disparities, Health Care --- Disparity, Health Care --- Disparity, Healthcare --- Health Care Disparity --- Health Care Inequality --- Healthcare Inequality --- Inequalities, Health Care --- Inequalities, Healthcare --- Inequality, Health Care --- Inequality, Healthcare --- Behavior, Health --- Behaviors, Health --- Health Behaviors --- Healthcare Rationing --- Rationing, Health Care --- Rationing, Healthcare --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access to Health Care --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Health Services Availability --- General Social Development and Population --- Action Research --- Health Services Evaluation --- Healthcare Research --- Research, Medical Care --- Health Care Research --- Medical Care Research --- Research, Health Services --- Evaluation, Health Services --- Evaluations, Health Services --- Health Services Evaluations --- Research, Action --- Research, Health Care --- Research, Healthcare --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Allocation of Resources --- Allocative Efficiency --- Allocation, Resource --- Allocations, Resource --- Efficiency, Allocative --- Resource Allocations --- Resources Allocation --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- organization & administration --- Health Care Sector --- Healthy Lifestyle --- Health Promotion --- Life Style --- Health Resources --- Patient Selection --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Medically Underserved Area --- Planning Techniques --- Health-Related Behavior --- Behavior, Health-Related --- Behaviors, Health-Related --- Health Related Behavior --- Health-Related Behaviors --- Health surveys --- Washington (D.C.) --- Health Services Needs and Demand. --- Statistics, Medical. --- Public health surveys --- Surveys